Ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Su-Lu region, China: Their formation and exhumation

Abstract Based on petrological, structural, geological and geochronological research, the authors summarize the progress of ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphic rock study since 1989 by Chinese geoscientists and foreign geoscientists in the Dabie-Su-Lu region. The authors introduce and discuss a two-stage exhumation process for the UHP metamorphic rocks that have various lithologies; eclogite, ultramafics, jadeitic quartzite, gneiss, schist and marble. The metamorphic history of UHP metamorphic rocks is divided into three stages, that is, the pre-eclogite stage, coesite eclogite stage, and retrograde stage. Prior to UHP metamorphism, the ultramafics had a high temperature environment assemblage of mantle and others had blueschist facies assemblages. The granulite facies assemblages, which have recorded a temperature increase event with decompression, have developed locally in the Weihai basaltic rocks. Isotopic ages show a long range from > 700 Ma to 200 Ma. The diversity in protoliths of UHP metamorphic rocks may be related to the variation of isotopic ages older than 400 Ma. The Sm-Nd dating of ~ 220 Ma could reflect the initial exhumation stage after the peak UHP metamorphism in relation to the collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze blocks and subsequent events. Petrological and structural evidence imply a two-stage exhumation process. During the initial exhumation, the UHP metamorphic rocks were sheared and squeezed up in a high P/T regime. In the second exhumation stage the UHP metamorphic rocks were uplifted and eventually exposed with middle crustal rocks.     

SIMPLIFICATION OF THE OXYGEN-ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT FORMULA IN MICROWAVE BAND

Study of the oxygen-absorption coefficient in 5mm wave band is important for remote sensing of theatmospheric temperature profile from satellites or ground.In order to obtain the atmospheric temperatureprofile rapidly and accurately,it is necessary to have a simple,but accurate formula of the oxygen-absorp-tion coefficient.In this paper,formulae of the oxygen-absorption coefficient in a certain range of tempera-ture-pressure and at a standard isobaric surface have been derived.These formulae may substitute for Meeks-Lilley formula in remote sensing of the atmosphere.     

On Eastern Asian Dust Storm

In this paper, the characteristics of eastern Asian dust storm are examined with emphasis on the satellite measurements of aerosol optical thickness. The reflectivity of solar radiation from the earth’s atmosphere depends on the optical thickness. The satellite measurement of radiance of sunlight, scattered by the earth and its atmosphere, is used to derive the properties of aerosol on oceanic surfaces. This paper involves the following: (1) investigation of the measurement of dust storm over the oceanic surface by GMS satellite; (2) investigation of the measurement of dust storm over the land surface by ground-based instruments such as actinometer, lidar, etc.; (3) for comparison, de-riving an atmospheric aerosol size distribution over the oceanic surface of calm weather through measurements of NOAA satellite; and (4) the weather process and its mass load of eastern Asian dust storm.     

厚松散层钻探工艺技术

在厚松散层中进行钻孔施工较常规钻孔存在一些技术难题,按照常规方法达不到钻孔目的或者花费较大的人力和物力。本文通过分析松散层钻孔正常钻进的影响因素,采用正循环钻孔施工技术进行施工,提出钻孔防偏和纠偏措施,最后给出了厚松散层钻孔施工技术措施,对厚松散层钻探技术具有一定的指导意义。     

青藏高原纳木错流域夏、秋季大气降水中δ18O与水汽来源及温度的关系

根据2005年8～10月在纳木错收集的降水样和相关气象观测,分析该地区降水中δ18O变化特征及其与水汽来源关系,揭示不同水汽来源降水中δ18O与温度之间关系.观测期间水汽来源以西南季风和青藏高原本地气团输送为主.结果表明,纳木错流域夏、秋季节历次降水中δ18O变化主导因素是水汽来源不同.远距离输送夏季风海洋性气团形成的降水δ18O值较低,而局地大陆性气团降水δ18O较高.对同源的降水事件,气温和δ18O值有一定正相关性,因而可能是次一级的响因素.     

基于UML和面向对象方法的GIS应用模型设计与实现

应用分析模型是面向专业应用领域GIS的关键模块之一,其设计和实现应具备良好的可扩展性和可移植性,从而达到软件复用、降低系统维护成本的目标。采用面向对象方法,对辽宁省鞍山市地质灾害评价预警系统中地质灾害危险性区划分析模型模块进行分析和设计,提出分别封装表达地质灾害分析模型方法的抽象类(class CModel)、描述灾害评价因子的抽象类(class CFactor),以及描述灾害分析单元格的抽象类(class CGridLayer)的设计方案,达到模块划分的“高内聚、低耦合”要求,便于模块的修改和扩展。以描述单元格的抽象类(class CGridLayer)作为模块与GIS平台的中间层,面向模块屏蔽不同GIS平台的实现细节,使得模块具备良好的可移植性。最后,以MapGIS 6.5为平台,按上述设计方案构建鞍山市地质灾害评价预警系统并投入实际应用。     

核测井曲线高分辨率处理技术及其应用

着重探讨了放射性测井曲线中自然伽马测井曲线、补偿中子测井曲线和补偿密度测井曲线的高分辨率处理方法及其应用效果。对于自然伽马及自然伽马能谱测井曲线，采用反褶积技术和有效的噪音压制技术；对于补偿中子测井曲线和补偿密度测井曲线采用了改进的α因子法。可以发现：高分辨率处理技术可明显地改善有关曲线的纵向分层能力；处理后的曲线与岩心柱状图及与微球、微电极等高分辨率曲线进行对比，其相关性有很大的改善；应用高分辨率处理后的曲线求薄层的泥质含量等参数，其相对误差明显下降。     

Study on clouds and marine atmospheric boundary layer

A set of remote sensing instruments of Peking University, which includes mainly a dual~channel(22.235GHz and 35.5GHz) microwave radiometer, a 8mm microwave and a 5mm microwave radiometer, has been developed for the Western North-Pacific Cloud-Radiation Experiment (WENPEX). The instruments were used to observe the cloud and marine atmospheric boundary-layer in the southwest sea area of Japan in winter time from 1989 to 1991. In the weather change process, the characteristics of the marine atmospheric boundary-layer and liquid water content in cloud of this area in winter time are studied from observation data. A one-dimensional mixed layer model is presented for the growth and evolution of a cloud-topped marine boundary-layer. The model is used to study in the WENPEX. The simulation results are in agreement with observation data, especially the integral water in cloud.     

A further study on an extended nonlinear ocean—atmosphere coupled hydrodynamic characteristic system and the abrupt feature of ENSO events

In this paper, the decade data of meteorological satellite and surface meteorological observation of China have been analysed. The relationship between cloud and radiation has been studied. A set of empirical formulae of the ralationships between the albedo and cloud amount, the outgoing longwave radiation and cloud amount in Chinese different districts and different seasons has been deduced. They express simply the response of both planet reflectivity and earth-atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation to the change of cloud amount. So that the sensitivity of net radiation of the earth-atmosphere system to the change of cloud amount and the ratio of cloud reflective effect to greenhouse effect can be estimated. In this paper, the radiative process of the earth-atmosphere system, cloud and radiative balance and its effect on climate have been synthetically studied. ¹The project is supported by National Natural Sciences Fundation of China (NNSFC).     

鲁东-苏北榴辉岩的构造特征及其折返机制

鲁东-苏北地区出露了M型和Q型两类榴辉岩,前者的原岩为地幔岩类,后者的原岩为地壳岩类。它们均呈外来岩块产出于片麻岩中。其形成经历了前榴辉岩I、A和S阶段,在I和A阶段它们表现为韧性变形,而在S阶段则表现为碎裂变形。它们的折返过程经历了剪切回流和区域性隆起剥蚀。